Ecological Succession — From Bare Rock to Climax Forest – 3D Interactive Model | UPSC GS-III Environment · Ecology

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Explode

Cross-section

Time →

Lichens (pioneers)
Mosses
Grasses
Shrubs
Climax forest

Drag the time slider — the bare-rock plot builds soil slowly; the burnt plot races ahead

Source: NCERT Class 12 Biology (Ecology) & Odum — Fundamentals of Ecology · Interactive 3D learning model

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