10°N20°N30°NEQUATOR 0°HIMALAYAW. GHATSARAVALLIARAKAN YOMATROPICAL EASTERLY JET (≈150 hPa, easterly)SUBTROPICAL WESTERLY JET (withdraws N in summer)SOMALI JETSE TRADES → cross equatorARABIAN SEA BRANCHdeflected N along GhatsNarmada–Tapi gapparallel to Aravalli — no lift → Thar dryBAY OF BENGAL BRANCHtrapped by Khasi funnelup the Ganga valley — rain ↓ westwardbranches merge over NW plainsRETREAT from NW (mid-Sep)withdrawal sweeps SE by OctNE MONSOON — offshore, dryre-charged over Bay → Coromandel rainLMONSOONTROUGHHMASCARENEHIGH ↓SEHHIGH re-buildsLBoB lows /cyclonesMawsynram~11,870 mmMahabaleshwar~625 cmPune~70 cmChennaiNE-monsoon fedJaisalmer~16 cmKolkata~160 cmDelhi~80 cmITCZ & Monsoon TroughMascarene HighSomali / Findlater JetArabian Sea BranchWestern Ghats — Orographic Rain & Rain-ShadowBay of Bengal BranchKhasi Hills — Mawsynram FunnelThar & the Aravalli ParallelismTibetan Plateau & Tibetan HighTropical Easterly Jet (TEJ)Subtropical Westerly Jet & Onset TriggerBreak in the MonsoonNE / Retreating Monsoon — CoromandelENSO & Indian Ocean Dipole
3D Conceptual Masterclass · Survey of India layout

Indian Monsoon System

Mains Analytical · process & vectors
0.99×
Schematic key
Arabian vector
Bay vector
Somali / cross-equatorial
Withdrawal vector
NE monsoon vector
Tropical Easterly Jet
Subtropical Westerly Jet
L / H pressure cells
Vertical cross-section · how to draw it
S ◂ Equator Himalaya ▸ N ↑ altitude (hPa) Indian Ocean Peninsula Tibet HMascarene moist SW surface current deep convection (ITCZ / trough) HTibetan High (aloft) Tropical Easterly Jet ≈150 hPa STWJ jumps N subsidence 150 500 1000
Withdrawal Sep – Oct
Retreat from NW · October heat · clear skies
Trough collapses; high pressure re-builds over the north.

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