Electric Vehicle (EV) 

Electric Vehicle (EV) 

Electric Vehicle (EV)

The topic talks about how Electric Vehicle impact Science and Technology.  

Introduction:-

  • An electric vehicle (EV) is one that operates on an electric motor for propulsion.
  • Electric Vehicles (EVs) include all types of vehicles like road, rail, surface, and underwater vessels, aircraft, etc,
  • In the late 19th century EVs first came into existence, when electricity was among the preferred methods for motor vehicle propulsion. But it has drawn a considerable amount of interest in the past decade amid a problem of rising carbon footprint and other environmental impacts of fuel-based vehicles.
  • The International Energy Agency said in 2021 that governments should do more to meet climate goals, including policies for heavy electric vehicles.
  • Electric vehicle sales may increase from 2% of the global share in 2016 to 30% by 2030.
  • It may be powered by different methods, through a collector system by electricity from off-vehicle sources, batteries, solar panels, fuel cells, etc.

Types of electric vehicle

  • Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV): These vehicles are fully powered by electricity. They don’t have an internal combustion engine, fuel cell, or fuel tank. These are more efficient as compared to hybrid and plug-in hybrids.
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV): These vehicles use both the internal combustion (usually petrol) engine and the battery-powered motor. The petrol engine is used both to drive and charge when the battery is empty.
  • Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV): These are hybrid electric vehicles whose batteries can be recharged by plugging them into an external source of electric power. These vehicles use both an internal combustion engine and a battery. This means the vehicle’s battery can be charged with electricity rather than the engine.
  • Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV): In these vehicles, electric energy is produced from chemical energy. For example, a hydrogen FCEV.

Advantages 

  • Reduce greenhouse gas emissions
  • Lower running cost
  • Environment friendly
  • Reduce dependence on petroleum
  • Low maintenance & servicing cost
  • Better Energy Efficiency
  • Lesser vibration
  • Lesser noise

Government of India Schemes and Initiatives for the Promotion of Electric Vehicle

  • Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles (FAME )

FAME – II scheme came into force on April 1, 2019. The government cleared a Rs 10,000-crore program under this scheme. The main objective of this scheme is to promote & encourage faster adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles. The Phase II of the FAME India Scheme is being implemented through the following three components:

  • Demand Incentives
  • Establishment of a network of Charging Stations
  • Administration of Scheme including Publicity, IEC (Information, Education & Communication) activities.
  • In 2013, India promoted the ‘National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2020’ with the main objective to make a major shift to electric vehicles and to address the issues of national energy security, air pollution, and growth of domestic manufacturing capabilities. Under this scheme facilities like subsidies, create supporting infrastructure for the promotion & development of electric vehicles.
  • India is among a handful of countries that support the global EV30@30 campaign, which aims for at least 30% of new vehicle sales to be electric by 2030. The main aim is to help realize the multiple benefits offered by electric mobility for innovation, economic and industrial development, energy security, and reduction of local air pollution.

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