Here are some of the topics from which UPSC has increased questions in recent years for Geography optional:
1. Geomorphology: This section deals with landforms and the processes that shape them. It has been observed that the UPSC has been asking more questions on topics such as plate tectonics, earthquakes, and volcanic activity.
2. Climatology: This section deals with the study of climate and weather patterns. The UPSC has been focusing on topics such as the monsoon, El Nino, and La Nina.
3. Oceanography: This section deals with the study of oceans, their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. The UPSC has been asking questions on topics such as ocean currents, marine resources, and marine pollution.
4. Human Geography: This section deals with the study of human activities and their impact on the environment. The UPSC has been asking questions on topics such as population, migration, urbanization, and regional planning.
5. Environmental Geography: This section deals with the study of the environment and its relationship with human activities. The UPSC has been asking questions on topics such as biodiversity, conservation, and sustainable development.