15 Apr Geroscience: The science related to aging
THIS ARTICLE COVERS ‘DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS’ AND THE TOPIC DETAILS “Geroscience: The science related to aging”. THIS TOPIC IS RELEVANT IN THE “SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY” SECTION OF GS3 IN THE UPSC CSE EXAM.
Why in the news?
At Columbia University in New York, Dr. Daniel Belsky, an epidemiologist, has introduced the concept of “geroscience,” focusing on the study of aging and related factors.
His innovative work includes the development of a groundbreaking blood test designed to gauge the rate of aging in individuals. This test, often referred to as “gerozyme,” examines the formation of methyl groups within DNA, a process intricately linked to the aging process.
By analyzing methylation patterns, particularly in senior citizens, Dr. Belsky’s research provides valuable insights into the dynamics of aging and offers potential avenues for personalized interventions aimed at promoting healthier aging trajectories.
What is DNA methylation?
DNA methylation is a mechanism that involves the addition of a methyl group in DNA molecule, specifically to cytosine bases within the DNA sequence.
DNA methylation is crucial for regulating gene expression and various cellular processes by influencing chromatin structure and accessibility to transcriptional machinery. However, the relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression can be complex and context-dependent.
DNA methylation an important significant role in the aging process. As individuals age, there are changes in DNA methylation patterns throughout the genome, which can affect gene expression and cellular function.
Drugs related to anti aging process
Metformin– a medication primarily prescribed for managing type 2 diabetes, has attracted increasing attention for its potential beyond glycemic control. Studies indicate that metformin could potentially play a role in combating aging and regulating metabolism.
TORC1- Target Of Rapamycin Complex 1, is a pivotal protein assembly fundamental to cell growth, metabolic functions, and the aging process. It acts as a master controller, overseeing a multitude of cellular activities in reaction to external signals like nutrient levels, energy resources, and growth signals.
Resveratrol: It is found in red wine, grapes, and certain berries. It is for its potential anti-aging effects, including its ability to activate sirtuins, a family of proteins involved in cellular regulation and longevity.
Nicotinamide riboside (NR): NR is a form of vitamin B3 that has been investigated for its role in cellular energy metabolism and its potential to promote healthy aging.
Senolytics: Senolytics are those drugs that target senescent cells, which are cells that have ceased to divide and accumulate with age. It aims to selectively eliminate senescent cells, thereby reducing inflammation and improving tissue function.
Lifestyle factors for anti aging
Regular Exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity is one of the most effective ways to promote healthy aging. Exercise helps maintain muscle mass,enhance mobility, improve cardiovascular health, such as heart disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis.
Balanced diet: A balanced diet comprising fruits, whole grains,vegetables lean proteins gives essential nutrients and antioxidants which supports overall health and longevity. Nutrient-dense foods helps in maintaining a healthy weight, support immune system, and reduce the risk of age-related diseases.
Adequate Sleep: Good Quality sleep is essential for overall health and well-being, including cognitive function, immune function, and hormone regulation. Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep per night and practice good sleep and hygiene habits to promote restful sleep.
Stress management: Addressing chronic stress is crucial as it not only speeds up aging but also heightens susceptibility to age-related illnesses. Introducing stress-relieving practices like mindfulness meditation, deep breathing exercises, yoga, or reconnecting with nature can be beneficial in fostering a sense of calmness and improving emotional health.
Social Connections: Maintaining strong social connections and staying engaged with family, friends, and community leads to positive impact on mental or emotional health as well as cognitive function. Social interaction helps combat loneliness, reduces stress, and promotes a sense of purpose and belonging.
Sun Protection: Protecting skin from the sun’s harmful UV rays by wearing sunscreen, protective clothing, and sunglasses, and seeking shade when outdoors. Sun exposure can increase skin aging and increase the risk of skin cancer.
Avoidance of Harmful Habits: Limit or avoid habits that can increase the pace ofaging and increase the risk of smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and recreational drug use.
Yual Noah Harare, describes in the book ‘Homo Deus’ about humans overcoming the boundation of natural boundaries by the use of technology. Geroscience is part of that pursuit of Homsapiens which can lead to longevity and healthy lifestyle.
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