01 Nov Mushrooms
This article covers “Daily Current Affairs” and the topic details “Mushrooms”. This topic has relevance in the “Ecology and Environment” section of the UPSC CSE exam.
For Prelims:
What are key characteristics of mushrooms?
For Mains:
GS3: Ecology and Environment
Why in the news?
A newly discovered mushroom species has been identified in the Western Ghats by researchers.
About Mushrooms
- Mushrooms, also known as toadstools, are fleshy and spore-bearing fruiting bodies of fungi. They are typically found above ground, growing on soil or their food source.
- The word ‘toadstool’ is commonly used to describe fungi considered toxic, whereas “mushroom” is typically used to categorise fungi that are safe to eat.
- They lack chlorophyll and, unlike plants, do not engage in photosynthesis.
- Instead, they derive nutrients through the decomposition of organic matter or by forming symbiotic relationships with plants, particularly through mycorrhizal fungi.
Morphology of Mushrooms:
- The standard mushroom morphology includes a stem (stipe), a cap (pileus), and gills (lamellae) on the underside of the cap.
- These gills produce microscopic spores, aiding the fungus’s spread across the ground or surrounding surface.
Nutritional Profile:
- Mushrooms offer several nutritional benefits. They are low in calories and fat and a good source of protein, fibre, vitamins and minerals.
- They contain essential nutrients such as B vitamins (riboflavin, niacin, and pantothenic acid) and minerals (selenium, potassium, and copper).
- Mushrooms also contain various beneficial compounds, including antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds.
- These compounds may help to protect against chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease.
- Certain mushroom species, like shiitake mushrooms, are also known for their potential health benefits.
Medicinal Properties:
- Certain mushrooms have been used in traditional medicine for their potential medicinal properties.
- For example, reishi mushrooms (Ganoderma lucidum) are believed to boost the immune system and have anti-inflammatory properties.
- Lion’s mane mushrooms (Hericium erinaceus) may enhance brain function and promote nerve regeneration.
Some interesting facts:
- Some mushrooms can glow in the dark. This phenomenon is called bioluminescence, caused by a chemical reaction that produces light.
- The largest living organism on Earth is a fungus: It is a honey fungus in Oregon that covers an area of over 2,200 acres.
- There are an estimated 3.8 million species of fungi worldwide, but only a small fraction of these have been identified and classified.
- Mushrooms play an essential role in the ecosystem by breaking down dead organic matter. This process of decomposition helps to recycle nutrients back into the soil.
Sources: Researchers identify a new mushroom species from the Western Ghats – The Hindu
Download plutus ias current affairs eng med 01st Nov 2023
Q1. With reference to mushrooms, consider the following statements:
- The ‘toadstool’ is commonly used to describe toxic fungi.
- Mushrooms are low in calories, proteins and fats.
- They have anti-cancer characteristics and can protect against chronic diseases such as heart disease.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) None
ANSWER: b
Q2.Consider the following statements:
- Some mushrooms have medicinal properties.
- Some mushrooms have psychoactive properties
- Some mushrooms have insecticidal properties
- Some mushrooms have bioluminescent properties.
How many of the above statements are correct? (UPSC CSE 2023 PYQ)
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) Only three
(d) All four
ANSWER: d
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