12 Jun Monsoon malady (The Hindu, GS-1, Geography, Issues in urbanisation)
Context:- The monsoon over the greater Mumbai region has come to be characterised by the unsettling annual spectacle of collapsing buildings. An unsafe multi-storeyed building in a core area of the city has collapsed onto another. This incident led to the death of more than 11 people.
What is monsoon:-
- derived from the Arabic word mausin or from the Malayan word monsin meaning ‘season’
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- Monsoons are seasonal reversal winds
- These winds reverse their direction with the change of season.
- Indian Monsoons are Convection cells on a very large scale which are created due to heating and cooling of one or more area.
- India receives rainfall from south-west monsoon winds in summer and north-east monsoon winds in winter.
South-west monsoons
- They are formed due to an intense low pressure system formed over the Tibetan plateau.
- South-west monsoons bring intense rainfall to most of the regions in India which is the forerunner of agriculture in india.
- North-east monsoons bring rainfall to the mainly south-eastern coast of India.
North-east monsoons
- They are associated with high pressure cells over Tibetan and Siberian plateaus.
Factors responsible for south-west monsoon
- Intense heating of Tibetan plateau during summer months.
- Permanent high pressure cell in the South Indian Ocean (east to north-east of Madagascar in summer).
- Subtropical Jet Stream (STJ).
- Tropical Easterly Jet (African Easterly Jet).
- Inter Tropical Convergence Zone.
- Strengths of Low pressure over Tibet and high pressure over southern Indian Ocean.
- Somali Jet (Findlater Jet).
- Somali Current (Findlater Current).
- Indian Ocean branch of Walker Cell.
- Indian Ocean Dipole.
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