What are the major social changes that have been brought by modernization in Indian society? Critically appraise the government measures to address recent issues associated with Sanskritization in the social field.

Modernization as a process refers to the transformation of society from rural agrarian economy to a modern industrial economy. This has introduced a plethora of social changes in various dimensions of life that is bringing out a dramatic social transformation.
MAJOR SOCIAL CHANGES:

1. CHANGES AT THE LEVEL OF INDIVIDUAL:

1.1) “Atomisation of individual”: Restricting the individual to his own mental sphere which is caused by his technological involvement. Eg. over-utilization of social media.
1.2) “Depression”: People often limit their feelings and get over-influenced by what is technologically available. Eg. children committing suicides in the Bluewhale game.
1.3) “Information revolution”: Now individuals are able to make much more informed decisions and a new level of awareness is getting spread. Eg. Awareness regarding cyber crimes.

1. CHANGES AT THE LEVEL OF FAMILY:

2.1) Old age isolation: The isolation among the old age people is increasing, because their place has been replaced by technological devices. Eg. The grandma stories are replaced by the chuchu tv, cocomelon tv on youtube.
2.2) Increased Bondage: At the same time people are able to realize the importance of family values through the messages spread through technological interventions of TV. Eg. Hum saath saath hai movie, spread the values of family love.

1. CHANGES AT THE LEVEL OF GROUP:

3.1) Deterioration of the image of the Women: Cases like Bulli Bai and Sulli Bai, shows the fact that the image of women as a commodity is being presented. 
3.2) Communal Disharmony: Being spread through fake news. Eg: The north east Delhi violence was spread through the fake narrative that the citizenship of muslims was in danger.
3.3) Digital divide: Recently the advent of online education has widened the digital divide in the society due to the non availability of the internet and smart phones at many places.
SANSKRITISATION: It refers to the process by which, caste or tribes placed lower in the caste hierarchy, seek upward mobility by adopting the practices and the rituals of the dominant castes or the upper castes.
Recent Issues associated with Sanskritisation:

1. Nonacceptability: Of the Sanskritised castes in the upward caste group. Eg “Kushwahs Rajputs” who tried to get their status apprised to the original “Kachhwas Rajputs” have still not been able to get the general acceptability.
2. Violence: The Sanskritised castes often face persecutions at the hands of the upper castes. Eg Recently Dalit groom was thrashed for riding a horse on the day of his marriage which is considered the sole right of the Kshatriyas.
3. Economic Woes: Do not get eliminated even after the Sanskritisation process and they still feel the material deficiency in the form of food, shelter, etc.

Critical appraisal of the government measures:

1. Ineffective: As the political parties get themselves aligned on the political lines which defeats the purpose of the Sanskritisation. Eg. BSP for Dalits, make the still a separate group.
2. Law and order: It has failed miserably for protecting the violence against the Sanskritised class.
3. Bureaucratic alignment: Many times civil servants act on the caste lines rather than the legal lines.
4. Justice: Unaffordable, inaccessible, and delayed justice especially for the downtrodden section of society.

However, the IPC and CrPC provisions, always give way for sufficient improvement in the bureaucratic functioning for protecting the said castes. Also, there has been a recent trend toward DESANSKRITISATION, where social groups project themselves as descendants of the depressed classes. Eg Jat and Patidar demanding the OBC reservation.
Way Forward:
What is required at this point is increased social harmony through soft power and technological interventions eg. Movies like Mulk may be supportive in this task. This would be in line with the fundamental right against discrimination and would also further the government’s role of “EK BHARAT SHRESTHA BHARAT”.