ALL INDIA GENERAL STUDIES PRELIMS TEST SERIES: UPSC CSE 2024

Sources –

• The Hindu, Indian Express, ToI, Yojana, Kurukshetra,PIB, Official Websites of Important Ministries

Source –

• NCERT for Class 11; Indian Economic Development
• NCERT for Class 12; Introductory Macroeconomics
• NCERT for Class 12; Introductory
• Microeconomics
• Indian Economy by Dutt and Sundaram
• Indian Economy by Ramesh Singh
• Indian Economy Performance and Policies by Uma Kapila
• Economic Survey Special Issues of Pratiygata Darpan
• Important Official Websites like WTO, IMF, WIPO, Finance Ministry, RBI, SEBI, etc.

• Concepts (GDP, GNP, Market Price and Factor Cost, NNP, NDP, transfer payments, National Income at FC, Personal Income, Disposable Income factors affecting national income, net foreign factor income.
• Measurement of national income (value added method, income method, expenditure method, Application of other methods, Base year, GDP deflator.
• Money: Definition, Functions and significance, Evolution of Money, Money supply in India and factors affecting it.
• Banking: Need of banks, Function, Commercial Banks.
• RBI: Functions, Structure, Policy Tools, Monetary Policy (CRR, SLR, OMO, Repo and Rev Repo, MSF etc.)
• Banking Reforms
• Inflation: Definition, Inflationary Gap and Inflationary Process, Inflation Cycles (Demand Pull Inflation, Cost Push Inflation, Causes of Inflation, Inflation Control measures)
• Unemployment (Structural, Seasonal, Frictional, Cyclical, Nature of Unemployment in India)
• Budgeting: Evolution of Budgeting, Institutions and Laws, Union Budget (Components – Revenue Account, Capital Account, Measures of Government Deficit etc.), Weaknesses in the Budgetary Process
• Fiscal Policy: Public Finance – Role and Importance, Public Expenditure – Revenue and Capital, Development and Non Development, Public Revenue .

• Sources of Revenue, Taxes (Classification, Direct and Indirect, Specific and Ad Valorem, Social and Economic Objectives of Taxes, Objectives of Taxation, GST), Public Debt, Deficit Financing.
• External Sector and Currency Exchange  rate
• Balance of Payments: Definition, Current and Capital Accounts, Convertibility, Items Included in BoP, BoP and BoT
• IMF: Purpose and Objectives, Organization and Functions, Working and Evaluation, IMF and  Underdeveloped Countries, SDR’s, Reforms etc.
• World Bank
• Bilateral and Regional Cooperation
• Bilateral and Regional Cooperation
• Capital Markets and Money Markets (Basic Terms and Concepts, Equity and debt Instruments, Primary market and Secondary markets etc.)

Source –

• Ancient India NCERT History Textbook by RS Sharma
• Medieval India NCERT History Text Book by Satish Chandra
• History NCERT- Our Pasts I & II
• History NCERT – Themes I & II A
• History of Ancient and Early Medieval India
• Tamil Nadu board’s class 11 History book
• NCERT Books for Class 11 Fine Arts
• NCERT – Living Craft Traditions of India for class 12th Indian Culture by Nitin Singhania
• CCRT – Art and Culture
• NIOS Indian Culture and Heritage

• Prehistoric period (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic)
• Harappan/ Indus Valley Civilization
• Vedic Age (Early Vedic period, Later Vedic period)
• Mahajanapadas & Rise of Magadh
• Religious Reforms
• Iranian & Macedonian Invasion
• Mauryan Age
• Post Mauryan Age (Indo Greek Invasion, Sungas,
• Kanvas, Satavahanas)
• Regional Kingdoms
• Sangam Age
• Guptas Age
• Post Guptas Age (Harsavadhana, Pallava, Chalukya)

Medieval History

• Turkish Conquest of India
• Rajput States
• Delhi Sultanate (Slave dynasty, Khaljis, The Tughlaqs, The Sayyids, The Lodhis)
• Mughal Empire (including later mughals)
• Maratha Confederacy
• Southern Dynasties (Hoysalas, Yadavas, Kakatiyas)
• Vijayanagara
• Bahmani Kingdom
• Regional Kingdoms
• Religious Movements (Bhakti Movement, Sufi Movement)
• (Brief History, Salient Features, Social, Economics, Religious and Cultural conditions)

Art & Culture

• Architecture: (Cave Architecture, Temple Architecture, Indo-Islamic Architecture, Modern Architecture)
• Indus Valley Civilization, Mauryan Architecture,
• Sungas, Kushanas, Satavahanas & Guptas, Post Guptas, Delhi-Sultanate, Mughals etc.
• Sculpture: Indian Sculpture and Different schools of Art.
• Indian Paintings: Historical development – Wall Paintings, Cave Cave and Mural Paintings, Miniature Paintings (Pala, Rajput, Mughal, Hill), Other Paintings, Modern Indian Paintings & Personalities etc.

RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY

• Religion: Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, Zoroastrianism, Judaism
• Philosophy: Six Schools of Philosophy, Ajivika, Lokayata etc.
• Indian Music: Classical Music, Hindustani Music, Carnatic Music, Folk Music Tradition, Modern Music, Personalities.
• Indian Dance: Classical Dance forms in India, Odissi, Kathak, Kathakali, Mohiniyattam, Sattriya, Manipuri, Bharatanatyam, Kuchipudi, Folk Dances, and Modern Dance in India.
• Different forms of Puppetry
• Theatres in India: Sanskrit Theatre, Folk Theatre, Modern Theatre, and People Associated with Theatres, History, Indian Cinema and Circus.
• Indian Language: Classical Languages, Scheduled  Languages
• Indian Literature: Religious Literature, Secular Literature Fairs, Festivals and Craft: Religious Festivals, Secular Festivals (States & UTs), Art & Crafts.
• Science & Technology, Ancient, Science & Technology, Medieval Science & Technology, Famous Personalities in Ancient and Medieval India
• Promotion and Preservation of Indian Heritage: Indian Word Heritage Sites, Tangible & intangible, heritage, Tentative list Cultural Heritage Sites, Natural Heritage Sites, Important Institutions. Fall of Mughals.

Source –

• Our Environment – Geography Class VII
• Environmental Education Class 9 ICSE board
• ICSE Class 10th Environmental Studies
• ICSE Class 11th Environmental Studies
• ICSE Class 12th Environmental Studies
• NCERT for Class 11- Chemistry

• Environment and its components Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem.
• Terrestrial ecosystem
• Aquatic ecosystem
• Biodiversity
• Basic Concepts
• Plant and Animal Diversity
• Marine Organisms
• Threat to Biodiversity
• Protected Area Network: National parks, Wildlife sanctuaries, Biosphere reserves, Reserved and protected forests, Conservation and community  reserves, Village and Panchayat Forests, Private protected areas, Conservation areas
• Biodiversity Conservation efforts
• Indian Biodiversity and conservation efforts
• Bioprospecting, Biosafety, Biopiracy
• Provisions for conservation of Environment:
• Institutional and Organizational mechanisms
• Environmental Acts and Policies (Domestic and International)
• Environmental conventions
• Mitigation Strategies
• India & Climate Change

Source –

• NCERT Books for Class 9 Social Science Democratic Politics
• NCERT Books for Class 10 Social Science Democratic Politics
• Indian Constitution at Work- NCERT for Class 11th
• NCERT Politics in India since Independence for Class 12
• Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
• Introduction to Constitution by DD Basu
• Our Political System by Subhash Kashyap
• 1st, 2nd, 5th, 6th,11th, 12th, 13th & 15th ARC Report

• Democratic & Non-Democratic, Parliamentary &
• Presidential, Unitary & Federal, Direct and Representative, Republic and Monarchy etc.
• Constitutionalism
• Historical Underpinnings
• Evolution & Making of the Constitution
• Features and Significant Provisions
• The Preamble
• The Union and its Territory
• Citizenship
• Fundamental Rights
• Directive Principles
• Fundamental Duties
• Amendment of Constitution
• Basic Structure of the Constitution
• Emergency Provisions

CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES:

• Election Commission
• Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
• State Public Service Commission (SPSC)
• Finance Commission
• CAG
• Attorney general of India
• Advocate general of India
• Special officer for Linguistic Minorities
• National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC)
• National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST)
• National Commission for Backward Castes (NCBC), etc

NON-CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES:

• NITI Aayog
• NHRC, SHRC, CIC, SIC, CVC, CBI, Governing Council, Lokpal, Lokayukta, NCPCR etc.
• Central Government (President, Vice President, Prime minister, Central Council of Ministers and Cabinet committees, Cabinet Secretary, Chief Secretary, etc.)

• Parliament (The Council of States, The House of People, Disqualification and Vacation of Seats, Presiding Officers of Parliament, Working of Houses, Legislative Procedures, Budget, Committees of Parliament, and Parliamentary Forums)
• Judiciary (Supreme Court, High Courts, Tribunals, District Courts, Gram Nyayalayas, ADRs, NALSA etc.)

Source –

• The Hindu, Indian Express, ToI, Yojana, Kurukshetra, PIB, Official Websites of Important Ministries

Source –

• NCERT Geography Class 6th
• NCERT Geography Class 7th
• NCERT Geography Class 8th
• NCERT Geography Class 9th
• NCERT Geography Class 10th
• NCERT Fundamental of Physical Geography for Class 11th
• NCERT India Physical Environment
• class 11th
• NCERT – Indian People and Economy
• Class 12th
• NCERT Class 12- Fundamentals of
• Human Geography
• Certificate Physical and Human Geography by GC Leong
• The Orient Black Swan Atlas
• Oxford Student Atlas for India
• Websites of Ministers of Environment and Earth Science

• Origin and evolution of Universe, Solar system
• Geological History of the Earth, Geological Time scale
• Latitude and Longitude, Local Time, International Date Line, Calendar
• Motions of the Earth and Inclination of its Axis.
• Eclipses (Solar, Lunar)

Geomorphology:

• Interior structure of the earth, Earth’s crust, rocks
• Landform Development (continental drift, plate tectonics, sea floor spreading, Mountains, Plateaus, Plains etc)
• Internal forces (Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Folding, Faulting, Isostasy etc.)
• External forces (Weathering, Erosion & Landforms etc.)

Climatology:

• Structure, Composition of atmosphere
• Weather & Climate
• Heat & Temperature (Insolation, Heat Budget, Distribution of temperature, Temperature Inversion)
• Pressure and Pressure belts

• Winds (Planetary, Seasonal and Local etc.)
• Precipitation (Forms & Types, Distribution of rainfall)
• Air Masses, Cyclones and anticyclones
• World Climatic regions
• Oceanography
• Bottom relief Features
• Ocean waves, currents, tides & Tsunamis
• Temperature & Salinity distribution
• Marine resources

Biogeography:

• Soils (Classification, distribution, erosion & Conservation)
• Biomes
• Continents (Major physical features, natural
• resources)
• Physical Geography of India
• Location (Latitude & Longitude)
• Physiographic division (Northern Mountain, Plains,
• Peninsular plateau, Islands)
• Drainage System (Himalayan, Peninsular)
• Indian Climate (Climatic regions; Temperature, pressure, winds and rainfall distribution)
• Soils (Classification and Conservation)
• Flora and Fauna (Distribution and Conservation)

Map Based Questions:

• (Places in the news, Location of countries, states, districts, ports, mines, oil fields, hills, industries, rivers, falls, lakes, seas, oceans, gulfs, Straits, Ramsar sites, heritage sites, Biosphere Reserves,
• Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks etc.)

Source-

• NCERT for Class 6 Science
• NCERT for Class 7 Science
• NCERT for Class 8 Science
• NCERT for Class 9 Science
• NCERT for Class 10 Science
• NCERT for Class 11 – Chemistry Unit 14

• S & T Development (Historic, Science and Planning, Policies, Infrastructure, Department of Science and Technology)
• Earth Sciences (Weather Forecasting, Research and development in climate and Seismology Research, Ocean Development, Natural Disasters)
• Energy (Types of Energy Resources, Fossil Fuels, Renewable Sources and their Development in India)

• Nuclear Science (Radioactivity, Radioisotopes,
• Nuclear Power, Applications of Nuclear S & T, Safety Issues, Nuclear Weapons, India’s Nuclear Science Programme, Particle Physics)
• Information Technology (Electronics, Computers,
• Internet, Computer Security, Telecommunication,
• India and Info-Tech, Artificial Intelligence, Robots and Robotics, Fiber Optics, Computer- and IT-Related Terms and Products)
• Lasers (Principles and Types, Applications, Basic Science, Industry, Defence, Nuclear Energy, Health and Medical Care, Laser Technology in India)
• Superconductivity (What is Superconductivity, Uses and Applications, Research in India)
• Nanotechnology (Understanding Nanotechnology, Approaches in Nanotechnology, Applications, Implications and Various Concerns, Nanotechnology in India, Nano Mission)
• Astronomy and Space Research (Astronomy and its Importance, The Origin and Development of the Universe, Accelerating Expansion of the Universe, The Objects in the Universe, Observing the Universe, Space Exploration, Elements of Space
• Research and Technology, Major Space Probes, India’s Space Programme, India’s Space Ventures,  Space Applications, Milestones in India’s Space Ventures, Space-Industry Partnership in India,
• Export Promotion, International Cooperation in Space, Space Garbage and Dealing with it
• Defence Research and Technology (Weapon Innovations of Note, Defence R & D in India)
• Health and Medicine (Disease-Causing Agents,  Infectious Diseases, Non-Infectious or Degenerative Diseases, Deficiency Diseases, Allergies, Cancer, Recent Lifestyle Concerns, Health Policies and Programmes in India, Indian Systems of Medicine and Homoeopathy
• Genetics (Physical Basis, Chemical Basis, Gene Mapping, Genome Analysis and Human Genetics)
• Biotechnology (Genetic Engineering, DNA Fingerprinting, Cloning, Artificial Insemination and  Embryo, Stem Cell Technology, Applications of Bio-technology, Biotech Research in India, Patents and Biotechnology)
• Applications of S & T (Agriculture and Rural Development, Basic Resources of Agriculture, Environment-Friendly Agriculture, Sustainable Agriculture, S & T Advancements in Agricultural Produce in India, Genetically Modified Crops: Bio-safety and Regulation, Animal Husbandry, Agriculture in Special Areas, Climate-Smart Agriculture, Research, Education, Transfer of Technology in India, S & T and Rural Development in India)
• Industry (Major R & D Infrastructure in India, Contribution of CSIR, Intellectual Property Rights Comments on the National IPR Policy)

Source –

• NCERT for Class 11; Indian Economic Development
• NCERT for Class 12; Introductory Macroeconomics
• NCERT for Class 12; Introductory
• Microeconomics
• Indian Economy by Dutt and Sundaram
• Indian Economy by Ramesh Singh
• Indian Economy Performance and Policies by Uma Kapila
• Economic Survey
• Special Issues of Pratiyogata Darpan
• Important Official Websites like WTO, IMF, WIPO, Finance Ministry, RBI, SEBI, etc.

• Recent trends in Agriculture Sector, Cropping System and Pattern;
• Agricultural Marketing and Reforms, Agricultural Research; Sustainable Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, PDS, Farm distress and government initiatives

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR:

• Industrial Policies,
• Licensing
• MSME
• Labour Reforms
• Companies Act
• Make in India, Skill India
• Challenges in Industrial development
• Organised and unorganised sector
• PPP, Investment models, Recent initiatives taken by the govt etc.

SERVICES:

• Banking,
• Insurance,
• Aviation,
• Tourism,
• Issues and potential of services sector
• Government policies etc.

FIVE YEAR PLANS:

• Priorities and Performance, Issues related to planning
• Economic Policies till 1991
• ECONOMIC REFORMS SINCE 1991
• (End of license Raj, Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalisation, FDI, FII, issues, challenges etc.)
• Infrastructure (IT, Communication, Urbanisation, Transport, Mining, etc.)

FOREIGN TRADE OF INDIA

• Trade Policy, Product wise trade, Region wise trade, Subsidy boxes, WTO related issues and India

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

• History-NCERT- Our Pasts III for class 8th, Tamil Nadu board’s class 12 history book
• NCERT-Theme in Indian History Part III for class 12th
• A History of Ancient and Early Medieval
• India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century by Upinder Singh
• CCRT Website
• NCERT History Modern India by Bipin Chandra
• India’s Struggle for Independence by Bipin Chandra
• A brief history of modern India by Rajiv Ahir
• Modern Indian History by B.L. Grove
• Modern Indian History by B.L. Grover

• Advent of Europeans (Coming of Europeans, Struggle among Europeans, Rise of East India Company)
• India under East India Company’s Rule Administration (Imp)
• Struggle among European powers in India
• Political policies
• Regulating Acts and Charter Acts: Regulating Act of 1773, Pitt’s India Act 1784 and Charter Acts of 1784, 1793, 1813, 1833, 1853
• British Expansion Policy: Doctrine of Lapse, Subordinate alliance etc.
• Economic policies and their impact (Agricultural policies, Famine policy)
• Foreign Policies
• Social Policies (Education Policies, Religious policies)
• Indian Kingdoms in 18th century: Marathas, Punjab, Mysore, Hyderabad etc.
• British Expansion policy: Doctrine of lapse,
• Subordinate alliance etc.
• Education Policies
• Socio – Religious Reform Movements in the 19th and 20th century India
• Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, Theosophical Society, Ramakrishna Movement, Muslim reform movements, Parsi reform movements, Sikh Reform Movements etc.
• The Great Revolt of 1857
• Changes in Indian Administration after 1858 – GOI ACT 1858, Councils Act, 1861, 1892
• Growth of Political Ideas and Political Organizations (up to 1885)
• Foundation of the Indian National Congress
• National movement (1885 -1919)
• Moderate Phase (1885-1905)
• Partition of Bengal and the Swadeshi Movement
• The rise of Extremism or Neo-Nationalism
• The first phase of Revolutionary and Terrorist Movement
• The Surat Split
• The Foundation of All-India Muslim League
• Reforms / Acts / Committee, Congress Sessions, Governor General Viceroys etc.
• Tribal Movements
• Peasants Movement
• Dalit Movements
• Women movements
• Role of Press and Publications
• Role of Business groups
• Foreign policies of British India

Source –

The Hindu, Indian Express, ToI, Yojana, Kurukshetra, PIB, Official Websites of Important Ministries, Yearbook

Affairs (June 2021 to March 2023)

Source –

• Our Environment – Geography Class VII
•  Environmental Education Class 9 ICSE board
• ICSE Class 10th Environmental Studies ICSE Class 11th Environmental Studies ICSE Class 12th Environmental Studies NCERT for Class 11- Chemistry Chapter 14 NCERT for Class 12- Biology- Unit 4

• Provisions for conservation of Environment:

Institutional and Organizational mechanisms

• Environmental Acts and Policies (Domestic and International)
• Environmental conventions
• Mitigation Strategies
• India & Climate Change
• Environmental Assessment and Sustainable development
• Environmental pollution
• Pollutants
• Air pollution
• Water Pollution
• Soil Pollution
• Noise Pollution
• Radioactive pollution
• E-Waste
• Solid Waste
• Bioremediation
• Environmental Concerns:
• Climate Change
• Acidification
• Eutrophication
• Ozone Depletion
• Non-Renewable
• Renewable: Solar, Wind, Hydel, Geothermal, Biomass, Others Energy Conservation

Source –

• NCERT Books for Class 9 Social Science Democratic Politics
• NCERT Books for Class 10 Social Science Democratic Politics
• Indian Constitution at Work – NCERT for Class 11th
• NCERT Politics in India since Independence for Class 12
• Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth for Class 12
• Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
• Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
• Introduction to Constitution by DD Basu
• Our Political System by Subhash Kashyap
• 1st, 2nd, 5th, 6th,11th, 12th, 13th & 15th ARC Report

• Central Government (President, Vice President,  Prime minister, Central Council of Ministers and Cabinet committees, Cabinet Secretary, Chief Secretary, etc.)
• Parliament (The Council of States, The House of People, Disqualification and Vacation of Seats, Presiding Officers of Parliament, Working of Houses, Legislative Procedures, Budget, Committees of Parliament, and Parliamentary Forums)
• State Government (Governor, Chief Minister, State Council of Ministers, State Legislature, Indian Federalism, Centre State Relations)
• Local Government (Panchayati Raj, Local Urban Government)
• Structure, organization and functioning of executive: Ministries and Departments of Government.
• Elections and political parties
• Representation of People’s Act (1950-51)
• Election Process: Delimitation Act etc., Anti Defection Law, Pressure Group
• Indian Federalism (Centre-State Relations,
• Inter-state Relations)
• Governance
• Good Governance
• e-Governance

Source –

• NCERT Geography Class 6th
• NCERT Geography Class 7th
• NCERT Geography Class 8th
• NCERT Geography Class 9th
• NCERT Geography Class 10th
• NCERT Fundamental of Physical Geography for Class 11th
• NCERT India Physical Environment class 11th
• NCERT – Indian People and Economy Class 12th
• NCERT Class 12- Fundamentals of Human Geography
• Certificate Physical and Human Geography by GC Leong
• The Orient Black Swan Atlas
• Oxford Student Atlas for India
• Websites of Ministers of Environment and Earth Science

• Location (Latitude & Longitude)
• Physiographic division (Northern Mountain, Plains, Peninsular plateau, Islands)
• Drainage System (Himalayan, Peninsular)
• Indian Climate (Climatic regions; Temperature, pressure, winds and rainfall distribution)
• Soils (Classification and Conservation)
• Flora and Fauna (Distribution and Conservation)

Map Based Questions:

• Places in the news, Location of countries, states, districts, ports, mines, oil fields, hills, industries, rivers, falls, lakes, seas, oceans, gulfs, Straits, Ramsar sites, heritage sites, Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks etc.

World Economic and Human Geography:

• Natural resources and mineral resources and distribution of key natural resources across the world
• Agriculture and agro-climatic regions
• Industry and location factors
• Infrastructure
• World Population, density & distribution, races & tribes, settlements & migration
• Continent (Physical features, natural resources)

Indian Economic and Human Geography:

• Agriculture typology and major Crops grown in India
• Agro-Climatic Regions
• Land Reforms and Land use pattern
• Animal Husbandry, Fisheries and Aquaculture
• Water Resources- Availability and potential: Lakes, rivers, dams, power and irrigation projects, wetlands and interlinking of rivers
• Mineral Resources- classification and distribution
• Energy Resources- conventional and non-conventional resources
• Population and Growth trends – density, sex ratio, literacy, tribes and racial groups in India
• Rural and Urban Settlements- types and pattern
• Industries- types and their location factors
• Transport and Communication -railways, highways, inland water transport, shipping and sea-ports, air transport

Source –

• NCERT for Class 6 Science
• NCERT for Class 7 Science
• NCERT for Class 8 Science
• NCERT for Class 9 Science
• NCERT for Class 10 Science
• NCERT for Class 11 –Chemistry Unit 14
• NCERT for Class 11 – Biology Unit 4 & 5
• NCERT for Class 12 – Chemistry Unit 16
• NCERT for Class 12 – Biology Unit 8, 9 & 10
• Official Websites of various orgs – ISRO, DRDO, NASA, DAE etc.

• Standards and units
• Mechanics and properties of matter
• Heat
• Sound
• Optics
• Electricity and Magnetism
• Atomic and Nuclear physics
• Modern Physics
• Astronomy and Space Science

CHEMISTRY:

• Matters and its nature
• Chemical Reactions and Equations
• Structure of the Atom
• Periodic classification of elements
• Chemical Bonding
• Carbon and its compound
• Acid, Bases and Salts
• Metals and Nonmetals
• Thermodynamics
• Agricultural Chemistry
• Medicinal Chemistry
• Food Chemistry
• Biochemistry
• Polymers and Plastics

Biology:

• Cell Biology
• Plant Biology – Plant Growth and Development
• Life processes – Nutrition, Respiration, Muscle
• movement, skeletal system, circulatory system, excretion.
• S & T Development (Historic, Science and Planning, Policies, Infrastructure, Department of Science and Technology)

Earth Science

• Weather Forecasting, Research and development in climate and Seismology Research, Ocean Development, Natural Disasters)
• Energy (Types of Energy Resources, Fossil Fuels, Renewable Sources and their Development in India)
• Nuclear Science (Radioactivity, Radioisotopes, Nuclear Power, Applications of Nuclear S & T, Safety Issues, Nuclear Weapons, India’s Nuclear Science Programme, Particle Physics)

Information Technology :

• Electronics, Computers, Internet, Computer Security, Telecommunication, India and Info-Tech, Artificial Intelligence, Robots and Robotics, Fiber Optics, Computer- and IT-Related Terms and Products)
• Lasers (Principles and Types, Applications, BasicSuperconductivity (What is Superconductivity, Uses and Applications, Research in India)

Nanotechnology :

• Understanding Nanotechnology, Approaches in Nanotechnology, Applications, Implications and Various Concerns, Nanotechnology in India, Nano Mission)
• Astronomy and Space Research (Astronomy and its Importance, Origin and Development of the Universe, Accelerating Expansion of the Universe, Objects in the Universe, Observing the Universe, Space Exploration, Elements of Space Research and Technology, Major Space Probes, India’s Space Programme, India’s Space Ventures, Space Applications, Milestones in India’s Space Ventures, Space-Industry Partnership in India.
• Export Promotion, International Cooperation in Space, Space Garbage and Dealing with it).

Defence Research and Technology :

• Weapon Innovations of Note, Defence R&D in India)

Health and Medicine :

• Disease-Causing Agents, Infectious Diseases, Non-Infectious or Degenerative Diseases, Deficiency Diseases, Allergies, Cancer, Recent Lifestyle Concerns, Health Policies  and Programmes in India, Indian Systems of Medicine and Homoeopathy.
• Genetics (Physical Basis, Chemical Basis, Gene Mapping, Genome Analysis and Human Genetics)
• Biotechnology (Genetic Engineering, DNA Fingerprinting, Cloning, Artificial Insemination and Embryo, Stem Cell Technology, Applications of Biotechnology, Biotech Research in India, Patents and Biotechnology).
• Applications of S & T (Agriculture and Rural Development, Basic Resources of Agriculture, Environment-Friendly Agriculture, Sustainable Agriculture,  S & T Advancements in Agricultural Produce in India, Genetically Modified Crops.
• Biosafety and Regulation, Animal Husbandry, Agriculture in Special Areas, Climate-Smart Agriculture, Research, Education, Transfer of Technology in India, S & T and Rural Development in India)
• Industry (Major R & D Infrastructure in India, Contribution of CSIR, Intellectual Property Rights Comments on the National IPR Policy)

Source –

The Hindu, Indian Express, ToI, Yojana, Kurukshetra, PIB, Official Websites of Important Ministries, Survey and Budget.

Source –

• NCERT for Class 11; Indian Economic Development
• NCERT for Class 12; Introductory Macroeconomics
• NCERT for Class 12; Introductory Microeconomics
• Indian Economy by Dutt and Sundaram
• Indian Economy by Ramesh Singh
• Indian Economy Performance and Policies by Uma Kapila
• Economic Survey
• Special Issues of Pratiyogata Darpan
• Important Official Websites like WTO,IMF, WIPO, Finance Ministry, RBI, SEBI, etc.

Definitions:

• Concepts (GDP, GNP, Market Price and Factor Cost, NNP, NDP, transfer payments, National Income at FC, Personal Income, Disposable Income, factors affecting national income, net foreign factor income
• Measurement of national income (value added method, income method, expenditure method, Application of other methods, Base year, GDP deflator)
• MONEY: Definition, Functions and significance, Evolution of Money, Money supply in India and factors affecting it.
• BANKING: Need of banks, Function, Commercial Banks
• RBI: Functions, Structure, Policy tools, Monetary
• Policy (CRR, SLR, OMO, Repo and Rev Repo, MSF etc.)
• Banking Reforms
• INFLATION: Definition, Inflationary Gap and Inflationary Process, Inflation Cycles (Demand Pull Inflation, Cost Push Inflation, Causes of Inflation, Inflation Control measures)
• Unemployment (Structural, Seasonal, Frictional, Cyclical, Nature of Unemployment in India)
• BUDGETING: Evolution of Budgeting, Institutions and Laws, Union Budget (Components – Revenue Account, Capital Account, Measures of Government Deficit etc.), Weaknesses in the Budgetary Process
• FISCAL POLICY: Public Finance – Role and Importance, Public Expenditure – Revenue and Capital,  Development and Non-Development, Public Revenue – Sources of Revenue, Taxes (Classification,  Direct and Indirect, Specific and Ad Valorem, Social and Economic Objectives of Taxes, Objectives of Taxation, GST), Public Debt, Deficit Financing.
• External Sector and Currency Exchange rate Balance of Payments: Definition, Current and Capital Accounts, Convertibility, Items Included in BoP,  BoP and BoT.
• IMF: Purpose and Objectives, Organization and Functions, Working and Evaluation, IMF and Underdeveloped Countries, SDR’s, Reforms etc.

World Bank :

• Bilateral and Regional Cooperation
• Capital Markets and Money Markets (Basic Terms and Concepts, Equity and debt Instruments, Primary market and Secondary markets etc.)

AGRICULTURE:

• Recent trends in Agriculture Sector, Cropping System and Pattern
• Agricultural Marketing and Reforms
• Agricultural Research
• Sustainable Agriculture
• Animal Husbandry
• PDS
• Farm distress and government initiatives

Industrial Sector:

• Industrial Policies,
• Licensing
• MSME
• Labour Reforms
• Companies Act
• Make in India, Skill India
• Challenges in Industrial development
• Organised and unorganised sector

Source –

• History-NCERT-  Class 8th
• Tamil Nadu board’s class 12 history book
• NCERT-Theme in Indian History Part III for class 12th
• A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century by Upinder Singh
• CCRT Website
• NCERT History Modern India by Bipin Chandra
• India’s Struggle for Independence by Bipin Chandra
• A brief history of modern India by Rajiv Ahir
• Modern Indian History by B.L. Grover

• The Great Revolt of 1857
• Changes in Indian Administration after 1858 – GOI ACT 1858, Councils Act, 1861, 1892
• Growth of Political Ideas and Political Organizations (up to 1885)
• Foundation of the Indian National Congress
• National movement (1885 -1919)
• Moderate Phase (1885-1905)
• Partition of Bengal and the Swadeshi Movement
• The rise of Extremism or Neo-Nationalism
• The first phase of Revolutionary and Terrorist
• Movement
• The Surat Split
• The Foundation of All-India Muslim League
• The Morley-Minto Reforms or the Indian Councils Act, 1909
• The Delhi Durbar and the Annulment of Partition of Bengal (1911)
• The Lucknow Pact (1916)
• The Home Rule Movement
• National movement (1919 -1939)
• Montagu Declaration (1917)
• Montague-Chelmsford Reforms or the Government of India Act, 1919
• The Beginning of the Gandhian Era
• The Khilafat Movement (1920-22) and Non-Cooperation Movement
• The Swarajya Party
• The Left Movement
• The second phase of Revolutionary and Terrorist Movement
• Anti-Simon Commission Agitation (1928-29)
• Nehru Report, 1928
• Fourteen Points of Jinnah
• The Lahore Session, 1929
• The Civil Disobedience Movement (The first phase)
• The Dandi March, March 12, 1930 — March 5, 1931
• Gandhi-Irwin Pact, 1931
• Second Round Table Conference, 1931
• Second Phase of Civil Disobedience Movement
• Third Round Table Conference, 1932
• The Government of India Act, 1935
• Provincial Elections and Formation of popular Ministries in Provinces, 1937
• Other Political Developments, 1934-39
• The Struggle in the Princely States: The Praja Mandal Movement
• The Second World War and the National Movement
• Towards Freedom and Partition (1939 -1947) (Imp)
• Communalism: Different phases and forms of communalism in British India
• The Second World War and the National Movement
• The August Offer 1940
• The Individual Satyagraha 1940-41
• The Cripps Proposal, 1942
• The Quit India Movement, I942
• Subhas Bose and Indian National Army
• Rajagopalachari Formula & Desai Liaqat Plan
• Wavell Plan and Simla Conference 1945
• General Elections in India, 1945
• Naval Mutiny: 1946
• The Constituent Assembly
• Attlee’s Declaration
• The Indian Independence Act, 1947
• Partition

Miscellaneous:

• Reforms / Acts / Committee, Congress Sessions,
• Governor –General Viceroys etc.
• Tribal Movements
• Peasants Movement
• Dalit Movements
• Women movements
• Role of Press and Publications
• Role of Business groups
• Foreign policies of British India

Source –

• Our Environment – Class VII
• Environmental Education Class 9 ICSE board
• ICSE Class 10th Environmental Studies
• ICSE Class 11th Environmental Studies
• ICSE Class 12th Environmental Studies
• NCERT for Class 11- Chemistry Chapter 14
• NCERT for Class 12- Biology- Unit 4
• Environment by Shankar IAS
• Official Websites of UN

• Environment and its components Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem
• Terrestrial ecosystem
• Aquatic ecosystem
• Biodiversity
• Basic Concepts
• Plant and Animal Diversity
• Marine Organisms
• Threat to Biodiversity
• Protected Area Network: National parks, Wildlife sanctuaries, Biosphere reserves, Reserved and protected forests, Conservation and community reserves, Village and Panchayat Forests, Private
• protected areas, Conservation areas
• Biodiversity Conservation efforts
• Indian Biodiversity and conservation efforts
• Bioprospecting, Biosafety, Biopiracy

Provisions for conservation of Environment:

• Institutional and Organizational mechanisms
• Environmental Acts and Policies (Domestic and International)
• Environmental conventions
• Mitigation Strategies
• India & Climate Change
• Environmental Assessment and Sustainable development Environmental pollution
• Pollutants
• Air pollution
• Water Pollution
• Soil Pollution
• Noise Pollution
• Radioactive pollution
• E-Waste
• Solid Waste
• Bioremediation

Environmental Concerns:

• Climate Change
• Acidification
• Eutrophication
• Ozone Depletion

Energy Resources:

• Non-Renewable
• Renewable: Solar, Wind, Hydel, Geothermal, Biomass, Others
• Energy Conservation

Source –

• NCERT Books for Class 9 Social Science Democratic Politics
• NCERT Books for Class 10 Social Science Democratic Politics
• Indian Constitution at Work – NCERT for Class 11th
• NCERT Politics in India since Independence for Class 12
• Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
• Introduction to Constitution by DD Basu
• Our Political System by Subhash Kashyap
• 1st, 2nd, 5th, 6th,11th, 12th, 13th & 15th
• ARC Report

• Democratic & Non-Democratic,
• Parliamentary & Presidential, Unitary & Federal,
• Direct and Representative, Republic and Monarchy etc.
• Constitutionalism
• Historical Underpinnings
• Evolution & Making of the Constitution
• Features and Significant Provisions
• The Preamble
• The Union and its Territory
• Citizenship
• Fundamental Rights
• Directive Principles
• Fundamental Duties
• Amendment of Constitution
• Basic Structure of the Constitution
• Emergency Provisions

Constitutional Bodies :

• Election Commission
• Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
• State Public Service Commission (SPSC)
• Finance Commission
• CAG
• Attorney general of India
• Advocate general of India
• Special officer for Linguistic Minorities
• National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC)
• National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST)
• National Commission for Backward Castes (NCBC), etc

Non-Constitutional Bodies :

• NITI Aayog
• NHRC, SHRC, CIC, SIC, CVC, CBI, Governing Council, Lokpal, Lokayukta, NCPCR etc.

Central Government :

President, Vice President, Prime minister, Central Council of Ministers and Cabinet committees, Cabinet Secretary, Chief Secretary, etc.

Parliament :

• The Council of States, The House of People, Disqualification and Vacation of Seats, Presiding Officers of Parliament, Working of Houses, Legislative Procedures, Budget, Committees of Parliament, and Parliamentary Forums

State Government :

• Governor, Chief Minister, State Council of Ministers, State Legislature, Indian Federalism, Centre State Relations

Local Government :

• Panchayati Raj, Local Urban Government

Judiciary :

• Supreme Court
• High Courts
• Tribunals
• District Courts
• Gram Nyayalayas
• ADRs
• NALSA

Structure, organization and functioning of executive:

• Indian Federalism (Centre-State Relations, Inter-state Relations)
• Governance
• Good Governance
• e-Governance
• Transparency & Accountability
• RTI, Citizen’s Charter & Anti-Corruption
• Civil Society, People’s participation
• Reforms: Police Reform, Administrative Reform
• Judicial Reform, Political Reform, etc.
• Social Audit

Public Policy:

• Making, Implementation, Evaluation and Monitoring
• Public Sector Management, Regulatory framework
• Public-private partnerships (PPP)
• Rights Issues etc.
• Other Dimensions
• Official Languages