Aspirants preparing for UPSC Mains 2025 must practice writing on a diverse range of themes. Below is a curated list of important essay topics based on past trends, current affairs, and probable issues relevant in 2025.

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? Philosophical and Abstract Essay Topics

• What you think, you become – The power of thoughts
• Not everything that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed until it is faced
• Reality does not conform to the ideal, but the ideal can shape reality
• The journey is more important than the destination
• Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishment
• Be the change you want to see in the world
• Life is a series of natural and spontaneous changes – adapt to grow

?️ Governance, Polity and Social Justice

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• Democracy without accountability is a ticking time bomb
• Is Indian democracy evolving or regressing?
• Role of civil services in modern India
• Judicial activism vs Judicial overreach
• Does decentralization strengthen democracy?
• Good governance: A citizen-centric approach
• Transparency and ethics in public administration

? Economy and Development

• Digital economy and India’s growth potential
• Inclusive growth: Myth or reality?
• Unemployment: A ticking time bomb or a demographic dividend?
• India’s journey towards a $5 trillion economy
• Globalization vs Atmanirbhar Bharat
• Rural India: Opportunities, challenges and the way forward

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? Environment, Sustainability and Climate Change

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• Climate change: Are we doing enough?
• Man vs Nature: A conflict or coexistence?
• Sustainable development is the only way forward
• Environmental degradation and its impact on the poor
• Can technology save the environment?

? Science, Technology and Ethics

• Artificial Intelligence: Boon or Bane for humanity?
• Science and spirituality: Complementary or contradictory?
• The ethical dilemmas of gene editing
• Data privacy and the digital citizen
• Role of science in shaping a better society

? International Relations and Global Issues

• Geopolitics in the era of AI and algorithms
• Global leadership in a fractured world
• India and its soft power diplomacy
• From globalism to nationalism: A policy shift
• United Nations at 80: Reform or redundancy?

? Education, Youth and Social Transformation

• National Education Policy: A transformative step?
• Role of youth in nation-building
• Education without values makes a clever devil
• India at 100: Role of youth in shaping the future
• Freedom of speech and responsible expression

✍️ Tips for Writing a High-Scoring Essay in UPSC

• Select a topic you are most comfortable with and have content for.
• Use quotes, anecdotes, data, and real-life examples to enrich your essay.
• Structure it in clear introduction, body, and conclusion format.
• Present balanced arguments and avoid being overtly biased or emotional.
• Make your essay multidimensional: social, political, ethical, historical, and futuristic aspects.

? Conclusion

Essay writing in UPSC is not about using complex vocabulary but about clear thought, structured ideas, and impactful presentation. With consistent practice and a good command over a variety of topics, aspirants can gain an edge in this paper. Use the above list as a starting point to prepare and practice writing essays that reflect your analytical thinking and awareness of contemporary issues.