Naga Problem : A threat for Integrity of India 

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06 May Naga Problem : A threat for Integrity of India 

Posted at 06 May 2022 in Current Affairs by
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Naga Problem : A threat for Integrity of India – Today Current Affairs

Context : 

Recently an  annual report was released by the Ministry of Home Affair government of India . According to which Nagas are still involved in violent activities, it was stated in that report that the Isak-Muivah faction of the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN-IM) was involved in 44% of insurgency-related incidents in Nagaland in 2020.

Today Current Affairs

Introduction 

The Naga problem has emerged in India as India got freedom . An ethnic group residing near Naga hill demanded sovereignty from the Indian rule and they started a pseudo war against the Indian government . Nagas are various ethnic groups native to northeastern India and northwestern Myanmar.

The Beginning of the Naga issue : The Hindu Analysis

  •  In fact the issue of Naga’s sovereignty starts before the freedom of India . When the British annexed Assam in 1820 , the Naga hill was also brought under British control. But the British provided Naga autonomy up to a certain extent . The British provided them autonomy in their internal affairs . Nagas could protect their traditional life, cultures and costumes etc. Brush controlled them through the laws implemented on the top level . 
  • After the second world war , when it was realized that the British would provide freedom to India , Nagas also started their organizations and demanded separate freedom. In Fact they declared their freedom . The reason for the discontent among the Nagas was because of the infiltration of the plain people from Assam . Naga people formed Naga Hills District Tribal Council in 1945, which was renamed the Naga National Council (NNC) in 1946. Under the uncertain situation of the future of Nagas after the liberation of India , a section of the NNC, led by Naga leader A.Z. Phizo declared the independence of the Nagas on August 14, 1947, a day before India’s declaration.. After that a huge insurgency emerged in those regions . However at that time newly independent India was facing so many other problems so India could not control it at that time . The Hindu Analysis
  • In the early 1950s when Mr. Phizo founded the Naga Federal Government (NFG) and its armed wing, the Naga Federal Army (NFA), He refused to accept the Indian constitution and during this time insurgency activities have increased rapidly . The Indian government had to send armed forces to control such insurgency and the central government had to impose the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA), which is still in place in parts of Nagaland. The Nagas, led by Mr. Phizo, demanded an independent state outside of India. Which could not be accepted at any cost . Indians could be given autonomy under the Indian constitution. These people boycotted the general election of 1952 and 1957 also . 
  • This type of problem of autonomy not only emerged in Naga hill region but many other tribal groups of the Assam region demanded autonomy . But these groups agreed to accept autonomy under the Indian constitution . Some Naga groups , however, were interested in negotiation with the Indian government , therefore conflicts among those groups could also be seen . Finally , to satisfy Naga people , an Independent state Nagaland was formed in 1963, however, it  did not satisfy many in the NNC (Naga National Council )and NFG (Naga Federal Government) . during the time Indira Gandhi , in 1975 Shillong Accord was came into force with signing by NNC and NFG. and they agreed to surrender their arms and to accept the Constitution

What is the recent Issue : The Hindu Analysis

  • Some top leaders of the NNC who were operating NNC from Myanmar did not accept the Shillong accord , therefore Three NNC leaders — Thuingaleng Muivah of the Tangkhul Naga tribe of Manipur’s Ukhrul district, Isak Chishi Swu of the Sema tribe, and S. S. Khaplang from Myanmar’s Hemis tribe, formed the National Socialist Council Of Nagaland (NSCN) to continue the armed movement. In fact , NSCN is demanding complete freedom from the constitution of India and it continued its armed revolt/ movement . Today Current Affairs
  • During 1988 , because of some internal issue (regarding killing of one innocent Naga people ) the NSCN split into two factions. One, led by Mr. Muiwah and Swu called the NSCN split into two factions. One, led by Mr. Muiwah and Swu called the NSCN-IM and the other, led by Mr. Khaplang is called the NSCN-K. 
  • NSCN-IM group continues its demand to free Nagaland from the Indian constitution and nowadays it is the most powerful and big insurgent group of the North east. Now it has extended its demand for Greater Nagaland including some regions of Assam , and Arunachal Pradesh where Naga tribes reside. Its armed operations intensified along with illegal activities like tax extortion, smuggling of weapons and so on. The demand of the Nagalingam (Greater Nagaland) can never be accepted by Indian government 

What is the situation of the Peace Talk now : The Hindu Analysis

  • In 1997, the Government of India got the NSCN-IM to sign a ceasefire agreement to begin the holding of talks with the aim of signing a Naga Peace Accord. After this more than 100 rounds of peace talk have been done but the solution is still awaited . New Delhi has been holding peace parleys simultaneously with the NSCN-IM, and the Naga National Political Groups (NNPGs) comprising at least seven other extremist groups, including the NSCN (K). The Hindu Analysis
  •  A Framework Agreement with the NSCN (IM) signed in 2014 was the reald step of the peace accord . Joint Intelligence Chief R.N. Ravi was appointed the interlocutor for Naga peace talks and signed the agreement on behalf of the Center. In 2019, he was appointed as the governor of Nagaland . Nagas are continuously demanding the separate constitution and the separate flag  which was not accepted by the Indian government . Hence after the demand of the removal of Ravi and the  interlocutor, the Center government appointed an Intelligence Bureau officer A.K. Mishra who continued this peace talk. Indians at any cost would not accept the demand of the separate constitution and the flag .

Today Current Affairs

Conclusion 

There are many internal and external problems which our country is passing on. The Naga issue is a big issue related to the sovereignty and integrity of India . The Naga problem of Naga is a big problem in comparison to the Kashmir problem . However we prefer peace up to the maximum extent but we prefer integrity of the country more also . 

 

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Source : The Hindu 

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