21 Feb Quantum Computing: The Next Technological Revolution
SYLLABUS MAPPING:
GS-3- Science & Technology- Quantum Computing: The Next Technological Revolution
FOR PRELIMS
What is Quantum Computing? What are features of Quantum Computing. Key Differnce Between Traditional Computing & Quantum Computing.
FOR MAINS
Why in the news:
Microsoft, on Wednesday, unveiled a new chip that it said showed quantum computing is “years, not decades” away, joining Google and IBM in predicting that a fundamental change in computing technology is much closer than recently believed.
Quantum computing holds the promise of carrying out calculations that would take today’s systems millions of years and could unlock discoveries in medicine, chemistry, and many other fields where near-infinite seas of possible combinations of molecules confound classical computers.
What is Quantum Computing
Quantum computing is a field of study that applies the principles of quantum mechanics to computing. Unlike classical computers that operate on bits, quantum computers use qubits (quantum bits), which can exist in multiple states simultaneously due to the principles of superposition and entanglement. This allows them to perform complex computations at speeds unimaginable for classical computers.
Superpostion: A qubit can exist in both 0 and 1 states simultaneously, unlike classical bits.
Entanglement: When qubits become entangled, the state of one qubit is instantly linked to the state of another, regardless of distance.
Quantum interfernce: The probability of qubit states can be manipulated, enhancing computation efficiency.
Features of Quantum Computing
1. Exponential Speedup: Quantum computers can solve problems exponentially faster than classical computers. For instance, a quantum computer could factor large prime numbers in seconds, a task that would take classical computers thousands of years.Parallelism: Unlike classical systems that process information sequentially, quantum computers leverage superposition to perform multiple calculations at once.
2.High efficiency in optimization problem: Quantum computing is particularly powerful in solving optimization problems that involve multiple variables and constraints, such as supply chain management and financial modeling.
3.Enhanced Cryptographic Capabilities: Quantum computers can break traditional encryption methods, necessitating the development of quantum-resistant cryptography.
4.Improved Simulation and Modeling: Quantum mechanics-based simulations, such as molecular and chemical modeling, are significantly more accurate and efficient using quantum computers.
Difference Between Quantum Computer & Traditional Computer
| Feature | Traditional computer | Quantum computer |
| Data Processing | Sequential processing | Parallel processing |
| Data Representation | Uses bits (0 or 1) | Uses qubits (0, 1, or both) |
| Computational Power | Limited by Moore’s Law | Exponential speedup due to superposition and entanglement |
| Security | Uses classical cryptography | Can break classical encryption but enables quantum-safe encryption |
| Application areas | Business, gaming, AI, general- purpose computing | Cryptography, AI, scientific modeling, optimization, quantum simulations |
| State Dependency | Independent processing | Qubit entanglement allows state-dependent computation, improving efficiency |
| Error Sensitivity | Less error-prone | Requires error correction due to quantum decoherence |
Everyone is Focusing on Quantum Computing
1. Cybersecurity & cryptography: Quantum computing can break traditional encryption, making it crucial for governments and organizations to develop quantum-resistant encryption methods.
2. Advancement in AI & Machine learning: Quantum computing can enhance machine learning algorithms, leading to improved AI applications in healthcare, finance, and automation.
3. Pharmaceutical & Drug Discovery: Quantum simulations can significantly accelerate drug discovery and molecular analysis, reducing the time and cost of developing new medicines.
4. Climate Modeling & Scientific Research: Quantum computers can provide accurate climate predictions and aid in solving complex scientific problems.
5. Financial Modeling & Optimization: Quantum algorithms improve risk analysis, fraud detection, and investment strategies in financial institutions.
6. National Security & Defence: Countries are investing in quantum research to strengthen cybersecurity, intelligence, and defense capabilities.
Where India is Standing-Initiatives & Policies
1. National Quantum Mission (NQM): Launched in 2023 with a budget of ₹6,000 crores, this mission aims to develop quantum technologies in computing, communications, and materials science.
2. Quantum Computing Labs & Research Centers: Organizations like ISRO, DRDO, IITs, IISc, and private players such as TCS and IBM are working on quantum computing research.
3. Public-Private Partnerships: Collaboration between government agencies, startups, and multinational tech firms to accelerate quantum advancements.
4. Quantum Communication Initiatives: India has successfully tested quantum key distribution (QKD) to enhance cybersecurity.
Issues India is Facing in Advancement of Quantum Computing
1. Lack of Infrastructure Quantum: High-cost quantum labs and equipment are needed to conduct cutting-edge research.
2. Talent Shortage: India lacks skilled quantum computing professionals.
3. Limited Industry Investment: Private sector funding in quantum computing is still in its nascent stage.
4. Technological Dependence: India relies on foreign companies for quantum hardware.
5. Scalability Issues: Building large-scale quantum computers requires significant breakthroughs in qubit stability and error correction.
Ways to Make India as Global Power in Quantum Computing
1. Increase Government Investment: Expand funding for quantum research, infrastructure, and training programs.
2. Educational Reforms: Introduce quantum computing courses in universities and encourage research programs.
3.Strengthen Public-Private Partnerships: Collaborate with industry leaders and startups to accelerate innovation.
4. Develop Indigenous Quantum Hardware: Reduce reliance on foreign technology by building India’s own quantum processors.
5. Boost International Collaborations: Partner with global leaders in quantum computing such as the US, EU, and China for knowledge exchange.
6. Promote Quantum Startups: Provide funding and mentorship to Indian startups focusing on quantum technology.
7. Enhance Cybersecurity Research: Invest in quantum cryptography to protect against future cyber threats.
Download Plutus IAS Current Affairs (Eng) 21th Feb 2025
Conclusion:
Quantum computing is set to redefine the future of technology, and India has a unique opportunity to establish itself as a key player in this domain. With strong government initiatives, increased funding, and a focus on education and infrastructure, India can overcome current challenges and emerge as a global quantum computing powerhouse. By fostering collaboration between academia, industry, and government, India can unlock the immense potential of quantum computing and drive innovation across multiple sectors.
Prelims Questions:
Which of the following statements is true about quantum entanglement?
a) It allows a single qubit to hold multiple values at once
b) It ensures qubits maintain independent states
c) It links qubits such that the state of one qubit instantly affects another, regardless of distance
d) It only works at absolute zero temperature.
ANSWER: C
Mains Questions:
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