It is said that economy and external incursions are the sole reason behind the disintegration of the Mughal empire? Viewpoints: Give a brief background related to the beginning of the disintegration of Mughal Empire. Mention different possible and important reasons for disintegration of the Mughal Empire. How Jagirdari Crisis played its important role in it.

Beginning of the disintegration of the Mughal empire can be found in the reign of Aurangzeb. Various scholars stated that Aurangzeb had inherited a large empire, yet he adopted a policy of extending it further to the farthest geographical limits in the south at the great expense of men and materials of the empire.
If a reign is disintegrated there is not a single reason behind it, different reasons play a role in it. However scholars say that the economy and external incursions are the prime reason behind it. It can be seen in the following points-

• There was an absence of  fixed rules of succession, the Mughal dynasty often had to face civil wars between the princes to get the throne, These wars of succession became increasingly destructive and expensive for the dynasty which resulted in great loss of life and property.
• The Jagir crisis had played a crucial role in the deterioration of the Mughal empire as  there were a limited number of jagirs therefore to maximise  the profit they had recruited less number of troops, it had resulted in a weak Mughal army.
• There was a series of foreign invasions in the Mughal empire. According to various historians the later Mughal empires were incompetent, There weak administration, mal practices had remained the door open for invaders.
• In the reign of Shah Alam II, Ahmad Shah Abdali, the independent ruler of Afghanistan, invaded India which is also known as the third battle of Panipat.  Abdali had conquered Punjab and marched towards Delhi. His invasion had not only deteriorated the empire but also presented a very weak, falling and disreputable image of the empire.
• The emergence of British and other European powers in the Indian subcontinent had also posed a challenge to the empire.

The  symbolic disintegration of the Mughal Empire had come in 1857 under the rule of Bahadurshah Jafar second. Although various reasons were behind the disintegration of the Mughal empire, we can say that economy and foreign invasion were the prime reasons behind it.