Prelims Bits: Mixed Matrix Membrane and Ammonia.

This article covers “Daily Current Affairs”  and topic details of the Mixed Matrix Membrane and  Ammonia,

What is the Mixed matrix membrane and its application? What is Ammonia and its applications?

The Ministry of Science and Technology has announced the development of a groundbreaking composite membrane known as the Mixed Matrix Membrane. This innovative technology has been designed to detect leaks of ammonia and other aliphatic amines, which are commonly used as raw materials in the chemical, fertilizer, and food industries. The detection of these hazardous substances is critical for ensuring environmental safety and preventing onsite gas leaks and potential disasters.

The Mixed Matrix Membrane is engineered to identify ammonia and other amines with high sensitivity, making it an invaluable tool for monitoring hazardous chemical leaks in both laboratory and industrial environments.

Ammonia and aliphatic amines are integral to various industrial processes. Their proper management is crucial as they pose significant health risks to humans. Early detection of leaks can prevent environmental contamination and safeguard human health.

The membrane is designed for effective environmental and water monitoring, ensuring that potential gas leaks are identified promptly. This is essential for industries to maintain safety standards and comply with regulatory requirements.

The Mixed Matrix Membrane was developed by the research team led by Dr. Monika Singh at the Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali. This autonomous institute operates under the Department of Science and Technology and is known for its cutting-edge research in nanotechnology and material sciences.

The introduction of this membrane represents a significant advancement in industrial safety technology. By enhancing the ability to detect dangerous chemical leaks, it supports proactive measures in environmental management and workplace safety.

Ammonia is a chemical compound with the formula NH3​. It is a colorless gas with a pungent odor, commonly associated with a sharp, irritating smell. Here’s an overview of its key characteristics and uses:

Chemical Formula: NH3

State: Gas at room temperature; can be liquefied under pressure or at low temperatures.

Odor: Sharp, pungent smell.

Solubility: Highly soluble in water, forming a solution known as ammonium hydroxide

Biological Processes: Ammonia is produced through the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms in soil and water.

Volcanic Eruptions: Natural volcanic activity releases ammonia into the atmosphere.

Animal Waste: Ammonia is released from the decomposition of animal manure and urine.

Fertilizer Production: The production of ammonia-based fertilizers releases significant amounts of ammonia.

Chemical Manufacturing: Ammonia is produced as a byproduct in various chemical manufacturing processes.

Refrigeration Systems: Ammonia used in refrigeration systems can sometimes escape into the environment.

Urea Production: Ammonia is used to produce urea, a widely used nitrogenous fertilizer.

Ammonium Nitrate: It is used to make ammonium nitrate, another common fertilizer.

Ammonium Sulfate: Used as a fertilizer and soil amendment.

Household Cleaners: Ammonia is a key ingredient in many household cleaning products due to its ability to cut grease and grime.

Industrial Cleaners: It is used in industrial cleaning solutions for its effectiveness in removing contaminants.

Refrigerants: Ammonia is employed as a refrigerant in industrial refrigeration systems due to its high efficiency and low environmental impact compared to some other refrigerants.

Nitric Acid Production: Ammonia is used in the production of nitric acid, which is a precursor for fertilizers and explosives.

Hydrazine Production: It is used to produce hydrazine, which is utilized in rocket fuel and various industrial applications.

Dyeing and Finishing: Ammonia is used in the textile industry for dyeing processes and fabric finishing.

Water Treatment

Disinfection: Ammonia compounds can be used to treat and disinfect water, particularly in municipal water systems.

Intermediate in Drug Synthesis: Ammonia is used in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and chemicals.

Food Additives: Ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate are used as leavening agents in baking.

Toxicity: Ammonia can be harmful if inhaled in high concentrations or if it comes into contact with skin and eyes. It can cause respiratory irritation, burns, and other health issues.

Environmental Impact: In the environment, ammonia can contribute to the formation of particulate matter and can be toxic to aquatic life if it enters water bodies in high concentrations.

Detection: Detecting ammonia leaks is crucial in industrial settings to prevent exposure and environmental contamination. Technologies such as the Mixed Matrix Membrane are developed to monitor and detect ammonia efficiently.

Safety Measures: Proper ventilation, protective equipment, and monitoring systems are essential to manage and mitigate the risks associated with ammonia.

Q. In which of the following ammonia is used?
1. Urea production in the fertilizer industry.
2. Dyeing and Finishing in the textile industry
3. Explosive industries
4. Rocket fuel in the space sector
Select the correct answer using the code option the code given below:
A. Only one
B. Only two
C. Only three
D. All four

ANSWER: D