18 Jan Lachit Borphukan: The Shivaji of the Northeast
This article covers “Daily Current Affairs,” and the topic details related to “Lachit Borphukan: The Shivaji of the Northeast”
Syllabus mapping:
GS-1: Indian History: Personalities and their contributions.
For Prelims:
Key facts about the Ahom kingdom and Lachit Borphukan, Various terminologies related to the Kingdom.
For Mains:
What is the key contribution of Lachit Borphukan and why he is called as the Shivaji of Northeast India?
Why in the News?
Lachit Borphukan was a legendary army commander of the Ahom kingdom, best known for his leadership during the Battle of Saraighat, where he successfully defended Assam against the Mughal forces. Lachit’s actions not only saved Assam but also became a symbol of resilience and self-identity for the Assamese people. His courage and strength have earned him recognition as the ‘Shivaji of the Northeast,’ solidifying his place as one of India’s greatest military heroes.
The Ahom Kingdom:
| Period | Key Events |
|---|---|
| 1228 | Establishment: The Ahom Kingdom was founded by Sukaphaa, a Tai prince from Mong Mao (present-day Yunnan Province, China). He established the kingdom in the Brahmaputra Valley, based on wet rice agriculture. |
| 16th Century (Suhungmung’s reign) | Expansion: Under King Suhungmung, the kingdom expanded significantly and became multi-ethnic, incorporating various ethnic groups from the Brahmaputra Valley and beyond. |
| Late 17th Century | Battle of Saraighat (1671): Lachit Borphukan, the Ahom army commander, successfully defended the kingdom against Mughal invasion, preserving Assam’s sovereignty and culture. |
| 18th Century | Moamoria Rebellion: A series of uprisings by the Moamoria community weakened the kingdom’s control, reducing its strength. |
| Early 19th Century | Burmese Invasions: The Ahom Kingdom faced repeated invasions from Burma, weakening its military and political power. |
| 1826 | British Conquest: After the defeat of the Burmese in the First Anglo-Burmese War and the signing of the Treaty of Yandabo, control of the Ahom Kingdom passed into the hands of the British East India Company, ending the kingdom’s independence. |
Lachit Borphukan
Early Life
Lachit Borphukan was born on 24 November 1622 at Charaideo in Assam. He was the youngest son of Momai Tamuli Borbarua and Kunti Moran. He was born into a royal family. Momai Tamuli Borbarua was the commander-in-chief of the Ahom army, and he was the first Borbarua (Phu-Ke-Lung) of Upper Assam. Lachit’s early education took place at his residence, where he was educated in subjects like Ahom scripture, Hindu religion, economics, and military strategies.
Career
Lachit Borphukan was appointed as the commander of ‘Hanstidhara Tamuli’ and held various posts within the Ahom state. His talent and bravery were first recognized when he successfully handled the position of “Ghura Baruah” and later “Shimaluguria Phukan.” He was later appointed as the chief officer, Dulakasharia Baruah, responsible for controlling the king’s palace. It was during this time that Lachit’s skills were recognized by Swargadeo Chakradhwaj Singha, who appointed him as Commander-in-Chief of the Ahom army.
Battle of Saraighat:
In 1662, the Mughal forces under Emperor Aurangzeb invaded Assam. Lachit Borphukan played a crucial role in the defense of Guwahati from the Mughal forces. Despite being severely ill, he led his troops in a desperate battle against the Mughal fleet. Lachit’s leadership, determination, and selfless commitment to his duty inspired his soldiers to rally and fight valiantly. After an intense battle, the Mughals were forced to retreat, and Guwahati was successfully defended. Lachit’s soldiers pursued the retreating Mughal forces to the Manas River, ensuring the complete victory of the Ahom forces.
Contributions of Lachit Borphukan:
Defender of Assam: Lachit Borphukan is most famously remembered for his leadership during the Battle of Saraighat in 1671, where he successfully repelled the Mughal forces, ensuring the independence of the Ahom kingdom.
Master of Military Strategy: Lachit revolutionized the tactics employed by the Ahom army, employing guerrilla warfare to overcome the Mughal forces, despite being outnumbered and technologically inferior.
Strong Leadership and Patriotism: Despite being severely ill, Lachit’s personal commitment to his duty and the welfare of his soldiers stood as a model of leadership, inspiring his men to continue fighting against overwhelming odds.
Preserving Assamese Culture: Through his actions and leadership, Lachit Borphukan ensured the protection of Assamese identity and culture from foreign invasions. His efforts in maintaining the integrity of the Ahom kingdom were instrumental in preserving the region’s autonomy.
Lachit Divas: His contributions to the state of Assam and its victory are commemorated every year on 24 November as Lachit Divas, a day to honor his legacy and promote his ideals of bravery, leadership, and patriotism.
Building of Lachit Maidan: To honor his memory and legacy, Lachit Maidan was constructed in 1672 by the then king, Swargadeo Udayaditya Singha, where his remains lie in rest. This site continues to be a symbol of Lachit Borphukan’s sacrifice for the Assamese nation.
Why Lachit Borphukan is Called the Shivaji of the Northeast
Exceptional Leadership: Like Shivaji Maharaj, Lachit Borphukan displayed outstanding leadership during the Battle of Saraighat, where he effectively commanded the Ahom forces to protect their kingdom from the Mughal invasion.
Strategic Brilliance: Lachit, akin to Shivaji, demonstrated great military strategy, using guerrilla tactics to outmaneuver the technologically superior Mughal army and ultimately securing victory despite being outnumbered.
Patriotism Above All: Lachit’s unwavering commitment to his country and his people was evident when he put national duty above personal relationships, even sacrificing his maternal uncle for the greater good, showcasing the same patriotic spirit seen in Shivaji’s leadership.
Unyielding Courage: Lachit’s courage was comparable to that of Shivaji. Despite severe illness during the Battle of Saraighat, he led his troops from the front, refusing to retreat and inspiring his soldiers to fight for their land.
Uniting Forces: Just as Shivaji united the Marathas, Lachit Borphukan managed to bring together various tribal groups under the banner of Ahom, forming a cohesive force to defend Assam from foreign invaders.
Symbol of Resistance: Like Shivaji’s resistance against the Mughal Empire, Lachit’s fight against the Mughal expansion in the Northeast made him a symbol of defiance, preventing the Mughal Empire from extending its reach into Assam and the Northeast.
Legacy of Valor: The legacy of Lachit Borphukan, much like Shivaji’s, continues to inspire generations. In recognition of his contributions to Assamese pride and independence, he is remembered annually on Lachit Divas, celebrated across Assam.
Conclusion
Lachit Borphukan was a symbol of indomitable courage and strong leadership. His contributions to the defense of Assam and his visionary leadership remain ingrained in Assamese history. The courage and foresight of Lachit Borphukan continue to inspire the people of Assam, and his legacy is celebrated annually on Lachit Divas, honoring his heroism and the victory of the Assamese army at the Battle of Saraighat.
Download Plutus IAS Current Affairs (Eng) 18th Jan 2025
Prelims Question:
Q. Lachit Borphukan is often referred to as the ‘Shivaji of the Northeast’ due to his significant role in defending Assam. Which of the following battles is he famous for?
1. Battle of Plassey
2. Battle of Saraighat
3. Battle of Alaboi
4. Battle of Haldighati
Select the correct answer from the options given below:
A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 1 and 4
D) 3 and 4
ANSWER: B
Mains Question:
Discuss the contributions of Lachit Borphukan in shaping the history and defense of Assam. How has his leadership earned him the title of the ‘Shivaji of the Northeast’?
(Answer in 250 words)
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